"An Illustrated Catalogue of the French Billon Coinage in the Americas"
by Robert Vlack

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
 

About the Author................................................................................. viii
Author’s Acknowledgements................................................................. ix
Introduction................................................................................1
About Billon Coins............................................................ 6
Rarity...............................................................................7
The Billon Coins of the French Regime................................. 8
      Edict of 1640....................................................................................... 9
      Issue of 1641...................................................................................... 11
      Issue of 1658...................................................................................... 11
      Coinage of 1692‑1705.......................................................................... 12
      Mousquetaires of 1709-13................................................................... 14
      Sous Marqués of 1738-64.................................................................... 16
Mousquetaires, 30 and 15 Deniers (1709-13).............................................................. 19
      Mousquetaires
            Lyon “D” (1709-13)....................................................................... 20
            Metz “AA” (1709-11)...................................................................... 22
      Demi-Mousquetaires
            Metz “AA”  (1711-13)......................................................................... 23
Billon Sous Marqués, Double Sols of 24 Deniers (1738-64)........................................ 25
      Mints
            Paris “A”  (1738-64).......................................................................... 26
            Paris/Lyon hybrid (1747).................................................................... 31
            Rouen “B” (1738-42)......................................................................... 40
            Caen “C”  (1738-52).......................................................................... 42
            Lyon “D”  (1738-43).......................................................................... 44
            Tours “E”  (1738-50).......................................................................... 46
            Poitiers “G” (1738-42)........................................................................ 48
            La Rochelle “H”  (1738-57)................................................................. 49
            Limoges “I” (1738-44)........................................................................ 51
            Bordeaux “K”  (1738-44).................................................................... 53
            Bayonne “L”  (1739-52)...................................................................... 55
            Toulouse “M”  (1738-44).................................................................... 57
            Montpellier “N”  (1739-42)................................................................. 59
            Riom “O”  (1738-44).......................................................................... 60
            Dijon “P” (1738-44)........................................................................... 62
            Perpignan “Q”  (1738-42)................................................................... 64
            Orleans “R”  (1738-41)....................................................................... 66
            Reims “S”  (1738-40)......................................................................... 69
            Nantes “T”  (1738-43)........................................................................ 71
            Troyes “V”  (1738-42)........................................................................ 73
            Lille “W”  (1738-50)........................................................................... 76
            Amiens “X” (1738-41)........................................................................ 79
            Bourges “Y” (1738-42)....................................................................... 81
            Grenoble “Z” (1739-41)...................................................................... 82
            Rennes “9” (1738-44)......................................................................... 83
            Aix “&”  (1738-43)............................................................................ 84
            Metz “AA” (1738-50)......................................................................... 85
            Strasbourg “BB” (1738-62)................................................................. 87
            Besançon “CC” (1738-41)................................................................... 92
            Pau “cow”  (1738-53)......................................................................... 93
Billon Half Sous Marqués, Sols of 12 Deniers (1738-48).............................................. 95
      Mints
            Paris “A”  (1738-48)............................................................................. 96
            Rouen “B”  (1740)............................................................................... 97.
            Caen “C” (1739)................................................................................... 97
            Lyon “D” (1740)................................................................................... 98
            Poitiers “G” (1740)............................................................................... 98
            Limoges “I”  (1739-40)......................................................................... 99
            Bayonne “L”  (1740-41)........................................................................ 99
            Toulouse “M”  (1740).......................................................................... 100
            Montpellier “N”  (1740)....................................................................... 100
            Riom “O”  (1740)................................................................................. 101
            Dijon “P”  (1739-40)............................................................................ 101
            Perpignan “Q”  (1740)......................................................................... 102
            Reims “S” (1740)................................................................................. 102
            Nantes “T”  (1739-40)......................................................................... 103
            Troyes “V” (1740)............................................................................... 103
            Lille “W” (1740).................................................................................. 104
            Amiens “X” (1740).............................................................................. 104
            Bourges “Y”  (1739-42)....................................................................... 105
            Rennes “9” (1740)............................................................................... 105
            Aix “&”  (1740)................................................................................... 106
            Metz “AA” (1740)............................................................................... 106
            Strasbourg “BB”  (1740-46)................................................................. 107
            Besançon “CC” (1739-40).................................................................... 107
Contemporary Counterfeits.........................................................................................109
      Mousquetaires,  30 and 15 Deniers............................................................... 111
      Sous Marqués, 24 and 12 Deniers................................................................. 117
            Mints
                  Paris.................................................................................................... 118
                  Lyon.................................................................................................... 126
                  Tours................................................................................................... 127
                  La Rochelle.......................................................................................... 128
                  Limoges............................................................................................... 131
                  Nantes................................................................................................. 132
                  Troyes................................................................................................. 133
                  Lille..................................................................................................... 134
                  Strasbourg........................................................................................... 135
Coinage of West Indies relating to Sous Marqués....................................................... 137
      Stampees of 1765......................................................................................... 139
      The Cayenne Two Sous of French Guiana........................................................ 143
      West Indies Counterstamped Coins................................................................. 146
            Bahamas............................................................................................. 146
            Dutch Guiana...................................................................................... 146
            Guadeloupe......................................................................................... 147
            Martinique.......................................................................................... 147
            Montserrat.......................................................................................... 148
            Nevis.................................................................................................. 148
            St. Bartholomew.................................................................................. 149
            St. Eustatius........................................................................................ 150
            St. Kitts.............................................................................................. 150
            St. Martin........................................................................................... 151
            St. Vincent.......................................................................................... 153
            Santo Domingo.................................................................................... 153
            Tobago............................................................................................... 153
            Tortola............................................................................................... 156
Multiple Counterstamps................................................................................. 157
      St. Kitts/Nevis.................................................................................... 157
      St. Kitts/Tortola.................................................................................. 157
      Montserrat/Tortola.............................................................................. 157